किसान समाचार

Organic farming also helps in fighting cancerous diseases of the heart and brain. Natural vegetables and fruits with exercise bring out the best in your life.

Organic farming is considered the protector of the environment. Since the Corona epidemic, there has been a lot of awareness among the people about health. The intellectual class is giving priority to vegetables grown from organic farming in place of vegetables grown from chemical food.

More than two times the production has been produced in the last 4 years

For the last four years in India, the area of organic farming has increased and more than doubled. The area was 29.41 lakh hectare in 2019-20, it increased to 38.19 lakh hectare in 2020-21 and in last year 2021-22 it was 59.12 lakh hectares.

Very helpful in fighting many serious diseases

Organic farming based on natural pesticides also helps in fighting cancer and dangerous diseases of the heart and brain. Natural vegetables and fruits with exercise can bring out the best in your life.

Also read: Return from chemical to organic farming

India is in the entire global market

India is rapidly focusing on the global market of organic farming. There is so much demand that the supply is not met. There is definitely a lot of potential in the field of organic farming in the coming years. All people are becoming aware of their health.

Start organic farming in this way

In general, people ask questions, how to start organic farming? For organic farming, first you want to do farming. Understand the soil there. Before starting organic farming, farmers start with training, then the challenges can be reduced considerably. The farmer understands the demand of the market and selects the crop, which crop should be grown. For this, farmers must take advice and opinion from experts from their nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra or Agricultural Universities.

Zucchini is a rain vegetable. Zucchini is known as Turai and Tori. It is a vegetable rich in fibre and vitamins. Zucchini leaves are moderately sized, the colour of these leaves is light green. Zucchini is long, thin and soft in appearance, as well as its inner part and seeds are light creamy colours. Zucchini is naturally found in low calories.

Zucchini provides many nutrients like iron, protein and calcium. Also, many bioactive components are also found in Zucchini. Zucchini is an embossed skin and long, cylindrical vegetable. Zucchini is cultivated mainly as a cash crop. The flowers coming on the Zucchini are yellow in colour, these flowers are used to make vegetables.

When is Zucchini cultivated?

Zucchini is cultivated by farmers in the months of June to July. It takes 70 -80 days for it to get ready. Zucchini is mostly cultivated in the rainy season. It is necessary to have moisture in the field for its good yield.

Advanced varieties of Zucchini 

There are many varieties of Zucchini, which can produce more profits by producing. The ripening time of Zucchini varieties is different. The advanced varieties of Zucchini are as follows: Ko, -1 (CO, -1), (PK M1), Ghiya Tori, Pusa Nasdar, Pusa Smooth, Punjab evergreen and Sarputia are advanced varieties of Turai.

ALSO READ: Low cost and short period of Zucchini varieties

Climate and land suitable for Zucchini cultivation

Zucchini can be cultivated in all types of soil, but the land should have good drainage. But loam soil is considered suitable for its high yield. It can also be produced in acidic soil found on the banks of rivers. The development of Zucchini requires a humid and dry climate. Zucchini is cultivated in India during the Kharif and Zayed season. Its plant needs rain in the beginning, but more rainfall can also spoil the crop of Zucchini. Zucchini plants require normal temperature to sprout, in summer the Zucchini plant also has the capacity to bear a maximum of 35 degrees temperature.

Seed quantity and seed treatment for sowing

For sowing Zucchini, first plough the field, after that when the soil colour becomes crumbly, then start sowing in it. 3 to 5 kg of seeds are required per hectare. The month of January to March is considered better for sowing Zucchini in summer and the month of June to July is considered suitable for sowing in the Kharif season. But it is better to treat it before sowing seeds. For seed treatment, treat 3 grams of thiram  per kilogram of seeds of Zucchini. By doing this, they can prevent the disease in the crop of Zucchini.

Also read: Use organic manure and increase crop yield, farmers here are taking full benefits

Compost and fertiliser for trumpet cultivation

For good yield of Zucchini, farmers can use cow dung manure, and put 200 -250 quintals of manure in the field 15 -20 days before ploughing. While doing the last ploughing, keep in mind the compost in the field. Besides, farmers can also use potash (80 kg), phosphorus (100 kg) and nitrogen (120 kg) for high yield. Half of its quantity can be used at the time of sowing and half the quantity after one month of sowing.

How to do irrigation management?

In the rainy season, the crop of Zucchini does not need much water, because from time to time the rain keeps reducing the lack of water in the crop. But during the summer season, the crop needs more water, hence irrigation should be done in the field after 7 to 8 days. So that due to the heat, there is no drought in the field and it does not affect the crop.

Problems like weeds are also seen in the Zucchini crop, as well as the outbreak of many diseases and pests is also seen in the crop. To control all these, the farmer can also adopt the crop cycle. Also, weeding can also be done to prevent weeds in Zucchini cultivation. Apart from this, pesticides can also be used by farmers.

Farmers can achieve better production in any season through improved varieties of cauliflower. Farmers can earn a good yield by cultivating it. Let us tell you that for good production, some important things related to organic fertilizers and farming should be kept in mind. Through cauliflower cultivation, farmers can earn good profits in a short time. Maybe you are aware that farmers can cultivate cauliflower in any season. Also, people use cauliflower to prepare vegetables, soups and pickles etc. Because along with the amount of Vitamin-B in this vegetable, much more protein is also found in cauliflower. For this reason, its demand always remains in the market. At present the price of cauliflower in Delhi ranges from Rs 60 to Rs 100 per kg. Also, cool and humid climate is necessary for the cultivation of cauliflower. For your information, let us tell you that cauliflower crop is most prone to disease. For its protection, the seeds must be treated with fungicides recommended by agricultural scientists before sowing.

Early, late and medium varieties of cauliflower

Scientists at ICAR, Pusa have developed some of the best varieties to help farmers get good yield from cauliflower cultivation in any season, which include Pusa Ashwini, Pusa Meghna, Pusa Kartik and Pusa Kartik Shankar etc. 

Also read: Scientists in Bihar have developed a variety of cauliflower 6099 which can grow in summer as well

Other early varieties of cauliflower include - Pusa Dipali, Early Kuwari, Early Patna, Pant Gobi-2, Pant Gobi-3, Pusa Kartik, Pusa Early Synthetic, Patna Early, Selexan 327 and Selexan 328 etc. Apart from this, late varieties of cauliflower include – Pusa Snowball-1, Pusa Snowball-2, Pusa Snowball-16 etc. Medium varieties of cauliflower include - Pusa Synthetic, Pant Subhra, Pusa Subhra, Pusa Aghani Uyer, Pusa Snowball etc.

The important things for the cultivation of cauliflower are as follows

For cauliflower cultivation, first level the field so that the soil becomes plowable.

Then you plow twice with a soil turning plough. 

After this, run the cultivator twice in the field. 

After every ploughing, make sure to rake.

The PH value of soil should be between 5.5 to 7. 

Sandy loam soil and clay loam soil with excellent drainage are considered suitable for the cultivation of cauliflower.

Let us tell you that the soil which has high amount of organic fertilizer is very good for the production of cauliflower.

Loamy soil is most suitable for lemon cultivation. Lemon is used to enhance the flavor of vegetables, make lemon tea, and make shikanji in summer. Today in this article we are going to tell you about different varieties of lemon. Lemon is cultivated on a large scale. It is yellow and has a very sour and spicy taste. It is used in making chutney, pickles, and sherbet, etc. Apart from this, it is also known for its medicinal properties. Its cultivation requires less care. Today we are going to tell you about these different varieties and their associated characteristics.

Gondhoraj Lebu variety of lemon

Let us tell you that this variety of lemons is cultivated mostly in Bengal. Gondhoraj Lebu is cultivated on a large scale in these areas. Its peels are thick and very strong. Its aroma is very good. Doctors of Bengal use it to prepare medicines.

Also read: Important information related to lemon cultivation

Nepali round variety of lemon

Nepali round variety of lemon is cultivated in the southern states of India. This lemon has much more juice than other lemons. Please note that the name of this species is Nepali. But, it is more famous in the southern states.

Mausambi lemon variety of lemon

Mausambi Lemon Akaak is like Mausambi. This is the most easily available variety. You can easily buy it at any fruit or vegetable shop. This is one of the main varieties of lemon, which is slightly bitter and sweet.

Lemon sherbet lemon variety

The peels of Sharbati lemon are quite thick in size. Besides, their juice is also quite thick. Its cultivation is more in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. It is mostly used to make pickles.

Also read: The rising price of lemon will increase the problems of common people

Kaji lemon variety of lemon

Kaji lemon is a famous lemon of Assam state. Let us tell you that it takes about a year for this plant to become ready. This Kaji lemon is more juicy and fresh than other lemons. Let us tell you that it is also used in preparing juice and pickles.

For your information let us tell you that Food Secretary Sanjeev Chopra says that the Central Government is making every effort to control inflation. Strict action is being taken against those who hoard food items. Central and state government teams are conducting raids at various places. In fact, before the beginning of the festive season, the Central Government has made all preparations to prevent inflation. Now in such a situation, the general public does not need to worry about inflation. Food items will be available at reasonable prices on Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga Puja, and Diwali. The central government has said that it has sufficient reserves of sugar. Now the public will have no shortage of sugar during the festive season. The supply of sugar in the market will continue as per the demand so that the prices remain controlled. He said that currently there is a stock of 85 lakh tonnes of sugar in the government stores. In such a situation, the general public does not need to worry about inflation.

There will be no impact on sugarcane yield

Sanjeev Chopra says that wheat prices are increasing artificially. But, soon this too will be controlled. He said that there is a rumor that due to less-than-average rainfall this year, sugarcane production may decline. But, this is not true at all. According to him, there will be no decline in sugarcane production. 

Also read: Detailed information related to sugarcane cultivation

Prices of rice increased by 10%

He said that due to rumors, the price of rice has increased by 10%. But, there will be an excellent yield of paddy in the crop season 2023-24. Now in such a situation, prices will fall due to the arrival of new rice in the market. He has said that the storage limit on wheat has been reduced. Farmers also felt extremely happy when the price of rice increased. Because paddy is a Kharif crop. The right time has come for harvesting this Kharif crop. The time of harvesting of Kharif crop rice is going on. Now in such a situation, if the price of rice increases then farmers will get a lot of benefits.

How much paddy is produced in India

India is the second country in terms of paddy production. India exports rice to foreign countries. India ensures the food supply of rice to the world. Many countries depend on India. If rice production in India decreases, it affects the food security of the entire world. India is well known for the production of different varieties of rice. Nepal remains largely dependent on rice from India.

A portal has been launched by the Government of India for information on natural farming. All kinds of information related to natural farming will be found on this portal.

The practice of natural farming in India is continuously increasing. Farmers do not use any chemicals in this farming. This farming is largely based on on-farm biomass recycling, with special emphasis on the use of biomass mulching, cow dung, urine. To maintain the fertility of the soil, organic fertilizers made from neem are sprayed.

What are the benefits of natural farming?

The major goal of natural farming is to superficiate crop production without affecting the quality of the soil. It promotes maintaining diversity in crops, judicious use of natural resources, organic manure and a better farming environment. Natural farming works with a biodiversity. It increases the biological activity of the soil as well as promotes food yields.

Also read: Natural farming will benefit farmers, soon the farmers of the country will be rich

Natural farming improves yields

The production in natural farming is much better than traditional farming. This also increases the profits of the farmers very much. Also, it improves their financial condition significantly. In the last several years, farmers doing traditional farming have been more attracted towards this natural farming. In addition, natural farming also contributes significantly to soil conservation, better agricultural diversity and reduction of carbon and nitrogen footprints in the atmosphere.

Natural farming gives more yield with less cost

The main objective of natural farming is to give farmers the best yield by using on-farm, natural and domestic resources. In this method, the cost of farmers is very low. The most immediate impact of natural farming is at the soil level. Microbes and earthworms have a positive effect on natural agriculture. Chemical-free agriculture has a profound impact on soil health. Also, it contributes to crop yields excellently.

Also read: Low fertility leads to better production of soil

Portal for natural farming has been released

The Government of India has launched a website http://naturalfarming.dac.gov.in/ to promote natural farming in the country. All kinds of information related to natural farming are available on this website. Apart from this, information about all the steps being taken by the government for natural farming will be easily available. This portal has been developed by the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Today we are going to give you detailed information related to linseed crop. It is the sixth largest oilseed crop in the world. Seeing the benefits of flaxseed, the interest of farmers towards its cultivation is continuously increasing. Linseed is an important Rabi oilseed crop in India as well as a major source of oil and fiber. Linseed is cultivated in approximately 2.96 lakh hectares of land in India, which is 15 percent of the total area of ​​the world. In terms of linseed area, India ranks second in the world. At the same time, it ranks third in production and eighth in yield per hectare. For your information, let us tell you that this is the most important industrial oilseed crop of India. Its production also varies depending on different varieties of flaxseed. From this crop, 10 to 15 quintal production can be achieved per hectare of field. Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra are the major flax producing states. In India, flaxseed is mainly produced in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Bihar. Every part of flaxseed can be used in different forms, directly and indirectly. The oil extracted from flax seeds is not generally used as food. It is used in manufacturing medicines.

Selection of land for linseed cultivation

If you have decided to cultivate linseed, then first of all you will have to select the field i.e. land before sowing linseed. Please note that before sowing flaxseed, get the soil and water of your field tested. Black loamy soil is considered suitable for the cultivation of linseed. This soil is more fertile. Also, while preparing the land, keep in mind that the land has an excellent drainage system. This will also provide great convenience in irrigating the crops. Besides, crop production will also increase significantly.

Suitable climate for flax cultivation

Land with normal pH value is considered suitable for flaxseed. Cultivation of flaxseed requires a cold and dry climate. Linseed is cultivated mostly in the Rabi season in India. During this period the annual rainfall is between 50 to 55 centimeters. There, flaxseed can be cultivated successfully. For better germination of flaxseed, the temperature should be 25 to 30 degree centigrade and during seed formation the temperature should be 15 to 20 degree centigrade. Linseed requires high temperature, low humidity and dry environment at mature stage. Meaning that temperate climate is considered suitable for its cultivation. 

When is linseed sown

Farmers are advised to sow flax seeds in November in irrigated areas and in the first fortnight of October in non-irrigated areas. Apart from this, for Utera cultivation, sowing should be done 7 days before harvesting of paddy. Let us tell you that the Utera method is prevalent in the areas where paddy is grown. Linseed is sown in paddy fields with the aim of making proper use of moisture in paddy cultivation. In Utera method, linseed seeds are scattered in the field 7 days before harvesting the paddy crop. Due to this, flaxseed germinates even before the paddy is harvested. This has the advantage that the linseed crop gets ripe only due to the accumulated moisture. By sowing early, linseed crops can be protected from pod fly and powdery mildew etc.

Also read: All information related to paddy crop

Major improved varieties of linseed

Improved varieties of flaxseed are developed through agricultural research. Linseedi species have been divided into two parts, for non-irrigated areas and for irrigated areas, which are grown for higher production and to suit the climate. For irrigated areas – Suyog, JLS- 23, Pusa- 2, PKDL- 41, T- 397 etc. are the main varieties. These varieties have been developed for irrigated areas. These varieties can be grown in almost both the areas. If we talk about their production, it can be 13 to 15 quintals per hectare. For non-irrigated areas - Sheetal, Rashmi, Bharda, Indira Linseed- 32, JLS- 67, JLS- 66, JLS- 73 etc. are the main varieties. These varieties have been designed for cultivation in non-irrigated areas. The average height of the plants grown in these varieties is up to 2 feet. Also, the yield can be 12 to 15 quintals per hectare. Apart from the above mentioned varieties, there are many other improved varieties of flaxseed. Like - PKDL 42, Jawahar Alsi DR 552, J. l. S. - 27, LG 185, J. l. S. - 67, PKDL 41, Jawahar Alsi - 7, RL - 933, RL 914, Jawahar 23, Pusa 2 etc.

How to do seed treatment?

Linseed is sown in two ways. Seeds can be sown first through the drill method and second through the sprinkling method. For sowing of linseed through the drill method, seeds are required at the rate of 25 to 30 kg per hectare. In this method, the distance between row to row should be 30 cm and the distance from plant to plant should be kept 5 to 7 cm. The seeds should be sown in the ground at a depth of 2 to 3 centimeters. For Utera method, the rate of 40 to 45 kg seeds per hectare is considered good for sowing linseed. Before sowing, seeds should be treated with Carbendazim at the rate of 2.5 to 3 grams per kilogram of seed. Or the seeds should be sown after treating them with 5 grams of Trichoderma viride or 5 grams of Trichoderma harzianum and 2 grams of carboxin.

Also read: linseed cultivation can help financially

Field preparation for flax cultivation

For seed germination and proper crop growth in linseed cultivation, it is necessary that the field be prepared better before sowing. After harvesting, the land should be prepared by sprinkling 8 to 10 tonnes of rotted cow dung manure in the field per hectare and plowing it 2 to 3 times with a local soil turning plow or harrow. After this, the field should be leveled by hoeing, so that the moisture in the soil remains intact.

How to add fertilizer to your field? 

While preparing the land for linseed cultivation, apply cow dung manure at the rate of 8 to 10 tonnes per hectare by mixing it well in the soil during the last plowing. Along with this, for irrigated areas, use nitrogen at the rate of 100 kg, phosphorus at the rate of 75 kg per hectare. To get the best yield for non-irrigated areas, use Nitrogen at 50 kg. Phosphorus 40 kg. And 40 kg. potash. In non-irrigated condition, the entire amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash and in irrigated condition, half the amount of nitrogen and the entire amount of phosphorus is applied 2-3 cm deep through a cloth at the time of sowing. Use below. In irrigated conditions, the remaining half quantity of nitrogen should be applied as top dressing after the first irrigation.

How can farmers protect their linseed crops from diseases and pests?

In the cultivation of linseed, Alternaria blight, rust or ocher, uktha and bukni diseases occur. To prevent these diseases, spray Mancozeb in the crop at the rate of 2.5 kg per hectare 40 to 50 days after sowing. Spraying should be done at an interval of every 15 days, so that the disease does not occur. To prevent rust or ochre, soluble sulfur should be sprayed at the rate of 3 kg per hectare.

Also read: Helpline number for crop disease and pest infections

The linseed crop is infested by various types of insects like pod fly, caterpillar etc. Its adult insects are like small flies of dark orange color. These insects lay their eggs in the petals of flowers, due to which the flowers are unable to produce seeds in the plant. This insect affects production up to 70 percent. To prevent this, Monocrotophos 36 EC, 750 ml or Quinalphos 1.5 liters should be mixed in 900 to 1000 liters of water and sprayed per hectare.

How is linseed oil used in different ways?

Linseed is one of the important industrial oilseed crops of India. In India, linseed crop is produced for commercial purposes. It is cultivated as a fiber crop. The amount of oil in flax seeds is very high. But, its oil is not used for food but for making medicines. Apart from preparing varnishes, lubricants, paints, its oil is also used in preparing inks and ink pads for printing presses. M.P. In the Bundelkhand region of India, its oil is used for cooking, making soap and lighting lamps. Flax seeds are used as a poultice in boils and pimples. High quality fiber is obtained from flax stems. Besides, linen is also manufactured from fiber. Linseed cake is used as animal feed for milk-yielding animals. At the same time, due to the sufficient quantity of various plant nutrients in the cake cake, it is used as fertilizer.

Consuming flaxseed provides relief in many diseases.

Consuming flaxseed is very beneficial for health. Its seeds and its oil are beneficial in the prevention of many diseases. Linseed is the sixth largest oilseed crop in the world. It contains about 33 to 45 percent oil and 24 percent crude protein, making it a miraculous diet. Two essential fatty acids are found in it, alpha-linolenic acid and linolenic acid. If flaxseed is consumed regularly, many types of diseases like cancer, TB, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, constipation, joint pain etc. can be avoided. It increases the amount of good cholesterol in our body and is helpful in reducing the amount of triglyceride cholesterol. It prevents blood clots from forming in the arteries of our heart and also protects us from diseases like heart attack and stroke. It is antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-cancer. Flaxseed contains about 28 percent fiber and it proves to be very beneficial for constipation patients.

Things to keep in mind during harvesting

Linseed crop is ready about 100 to 120 days after sowing. It should be harvested only when the linseed crop is completely dry and ripe. Threshing should be done soon after harvesting the crop. This will not cause much harm to its seeds. When linseed crop is cultivated using the above method, the production of different varieties varies. In first seed purpose irrigated condition, 12 to 15 quintals per hectare and in non-irrigated condition, 10 to 12 quintals per hectare and in two-purpose cumulated and non-irrigated condition, 20 to 23 quintals per hectare and 13 to 17 percent oil and 38 to 45 percent fiber. 

Sojat Mehndi is cultivated the most in the Pali district of Rajasthan. Small and big businessmen here are supporting their families very well by doing henna business. The Mehndi here has also received the GI tag. After getting the GI tag, the responsibilities of the businessmen here have increased a lot. They are so honest towards their business that today Sojat Mehndi has become the most trusted Mehndi brand in the whole world.

As soon as we hear the name of Mehndi, various types of designs engraved on our hands emerge in our minds. At the same time, Sojat Henna has created its own identity for red-colored henna all over the world. The trust of women in this Mehndi is so strong that it has no limits. Everyone has a dilemma regarding any other mehendi, whether it will leave a bright color after applying it to the hand or not. At the same time, if any other mehendi is leaving such a red color, then there is a dilemma as to whether any chemical has been mixed in it. But, this is not the case with Sojat Mehndi.

Also read: Big profit at low cost, earn lakhs from henna cultivation

The credibility of Sojat Mehndi is increasing day by day.

Its credibility among the people is increasing day by day. It should be known that Sojat Mehndi is cultivated the most in the Pali district of Rajasthan. Small and big traders here are supporting their families very well by doing henna business. The Mehndi here has also received the GI tag. After getting the GI tag, the responsibilities of the businessmen here have increased a lot. The businessmen there are so honest towards their business, that today Sojaat Mehndi has become the most trusted Mehndi brand in the entire world.

Also read: Asafoetida of this district of UP got GI tag, a wave of happiness ran among the farmers

Mehndi is considered an important part of women's makeup

Mehndi has its special significance in the makeup of women of every religion. In a way, we can say that without Mehndi, the makeup of women of any religion remains incomplete. The importance of Mehndi increases significantly on special occasions. Especially on auspicious occasions or during Teej festivals, in the month of Sawan, women sing Kajri with henna applied on their hands. On all these occasions, Sojat Mehndi is the first choice of women. Because, it is completely chemical-free, due to which it gives bright color to the hands. Sojat Mehndi has its color, which is natural and does not harm the skin in any way.

Women's participation in Sojat Mehndi business

For your information, let us tell you that today women's participation is increasing in every field. Nowadays, women do not trust any other mehndi as much as they do Sojat Mehndi. Today many women are running beauty parlors or applying mehndi independently at weddings. They all generally apply to Sojat Mehndi only. According to a statistic, women have an 80 percent stake in the mehndi business.

Carrots are cultivated all over India, people use carrots both raw and cooked, carrots contain Vitamin A and carotene, which are very beneficial for the body. Orange carrots are high in carotene, green carrot leaves contain many nutrients like protein, minerals, vitamins, etc. which provide nutrition to animals. Chicken fodder can be made from green carrot leaves. Carrots are grown the most in Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana.

Suitable climate for carrot cultivation.

Carrots are mostly grown in cold climates. Carrot growth slows down due to high temperatures and color changes. For this, sandy loam and loamy soil is best. Drainage of water in the soil is very important.

Also read: Agricultural scientists suggested new technology of foreign vegetable production for farmers living in hilly areas, definitely know this to earn better profits. 

Carrot Varieties

There are many varieties of carrots like Carrot No. 29, Pusa Kesar, Pusa Meghali, Selection 233, Gentney, Arliments, Emperor, Ments of Lag, Pusa Yamdagni and Gino.

Field Varieties

In preparation for the field for sowing carrots, the first plowing should be done with a soil-turning plow. After this, the field should be made friable by doing two to three plowings with a cultivator or local plow. 200 to 250 quintals of rotten cow dung should be mixed well in the land while preparing the field. By doing this, the yield of fruits is higher.

Seeds and Seed Sowing.

To cultivate carrots, seeds of improved varieties should be selected. In carrot farming, 5 to 6 kg seeds are required per hectare for sowing on ridges. Before sowing, it should be treated with 2.5 grams of Thiram per kg of seeds. Carrots are sown from August to October in Northern India. European varieties are sown in November. In hilly areas, sowing is done from March to June. It should be sown on lines or in ridges at a distance of 35 to 45 cm. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1.5 to 2 cm, the height of the ridges should be kept at 20 to 25 cm and the distance from plant to plant should be kept at 4 to 5 cm. 

Manure and Fertilizer management in crops.

200 to 250 quintals of rotten cow dung should be given while preparing the field and 50 kg nitrogen, 40 kg phosphorus, and 45 kg potash should be given as elements per hectare. Half the quantity of nitrogen and the full quantity of phosphorus and potash should be given before sowing. The remaining half quantity of nitrogen is given to the standing crop twice. 1/4 quantity of nitrogen should be given initially at the time of growth of leaves and 1/4 quantity of nitrogen should be given at the time of growth of roots.

Also read: Detailed information about important works related to carrot cultivation

Crop Irrigation Management.

After sowing, first irrigation should be done in the drain so that moisture remains in the ridges. Later irrigation should be done at an interval of 8 to 10 days. In summer, irrigation should be done at an interval of 4 to 5 days. The field should never dry up, otherwise the yield reduces.

Weed Control.

2 to 3 weeding should be done in the entire crop, at the same time thinning should be done and a distance of 4 to 5 cm should be maintained from the plants. To control weeds, a 3.5-liter stamp should be sprayed in the field immediately after sowing, while there should be sufficient moisture in the field. 

Also read: Carrot root disease and its remedies

Carrot and digging production.

Only when the roots of a carrot become edible, it should be dug with a trowel so that the roots are not cut and the quality remains good so that it can get a good price in the market. It should be cleaned and sold in the market. The yield of roots in carrots depends on the variety, such as the Asiatic type yields 250 to 300 quintals per hectare and the European type yields 100 to 150 quintals per hectare. 

 For banana cultivation, it is necessary that the temperature be between 13-40 degrees Celsius. In winter, when the minimum temperature goes below 10 degrees Celsius, then the flow of fluid inside the banana plant stops, due to which the growth of the banana plant stops and many types of disorders start appearing, the main of which is throat choking. When a banana is exposed to low temperatures at the time of flowering, the bunch becomes unable to properly emerge from the pseudostem. For this, chemical reasons can also cause "choke", such as calcium and boron deficiency can also cause similar symptoms. The front part of the inflorescence comes out and the basal part gets stuck in the virtual stem. 

Hence, it is called throat choking. The bunch sometimes takes 5-6 months to reach maturity. Plants in which the fruit bunch fails to emerge or emerge, or is abnormally twisted. In banana cultivation, cold has a significant impact on plant health and productivity. Bananas, being tropical plants, are more susceptible to cold damage when exposed to low temperatures. Bananas, being tropical plants, are more susceptible to cold damage when exposed to low temperatures. Due to cold, the growth, development, and overall yield of plants are affected.To effectively manage cold damage in banana cultivation, it is necessary to understand the causes, and symptoms and implement preventive and corrective measures. 

Due to a cold injury.

Bananas are sensitive to temperatures below ten degrees Celsius. Frost damages banana plants, affecting the leaves and stems. Cold wind increases cold stress by increasing the rate of heat loss from the plant.

Also read: Symptoms of deficiency of potash, the most important nutrient for banana cultivation, and techniques to manage it. 

Symptoms of cold injury.

Discoloration of leaves: Leaves turn yellow or brown in color. 

Cell damage: The formation of ice crystals causes damage to plant cells.

Stunted growth: Cold stress slows plant growth and development.

Preventive Measures.

Site selection: Choose a well-drained site with good aeration.

Windbreak: Install a windbreak to reduce the impact of cold winds. 

Mulching: Apply organic mulch around the base of plants to maintain the soil warmth. 

Irrigation: Wet heat retains heat better than dry soil; Ensure proper irrigation. 

 Cultural (agricultural) measures.

Proper Pruning: Remove damaged or dead leaves to promote new growth. Fertilizer: Maintain optimal nutrient levels to strengthen plants against cold stress. Water management: Avoid overwatering, as waterlogged soil can increase frost damage. It is important to remember that banana is a crop that requires an adequate supply of water, it has to be optimally distributed throughout the year (at least 10 cm per month). It is necessary for the soil of the banana field to always remain moist during the winter season. 

Also read: Farmers cultivating bananas should pay attention, otherwise problems may increase: Scientists

Corrective measures.

Pruning damaged tissue: Prune affected leaves and stems to encourage new growth.

Frost cloth: Covering plants with frost cloth can protect them during cold weather.

Heating equipment: In extreme cases, using a heater or heat lamp can avoid injury. 

Relief from stress after cold.

Plant Health Monitoring: Regularly assess plants' recovery progress. Nutrient boost: Use a fertilizer rich in potassium and phosphorus to promote recovery. Before the onset of winter, light plowing of the banana plantation and application of 1/4th of the recommended quantity of fertilizers also reduces the severity of this disorder significantly. Patience: Allow enough time for plants to recover naturally. In the agricultural climate of Bihar, we have seen that banana orchards start looking burnt in winter but by March and April, our orchards start looking good again.

Research and Technical solutions.

Cold-resistant varieties: Develop and cultivate enhanced cold-resistant banana varieties. We have observed that tall banana varieties are more tolerant to cold than dwarf varieties.

Also read: Farmers should cultivate bananas of Cavendish Banana Group, after earning huge profits they will forget to grow paddy and wheat.

 Even Forecast: Use advanced weather forecasts to predict and prepare for cold weather. The best time to plant tissue culture bananas in Bihar is from May to September. Even Forecast: Use advanced weather forecasts to predict and prepare for cold weather. Applying this has a very bad effect on its cultivation. The biggest principle behind this is that bananas should never flower in winter because due to extreme cold in winter, the growth of the bunch is not good and sometimes the bunch is not able to come out of the virtual stem properly. In bananas prepared from tissue culture, flowers start appearing in the 9th month, whereas in bananas planted from suckers, bunches appear in the 10-11th month. Genetic Engineering: Research is needed to study genetic modifications to increase cold tolerance in bananas.

Conclusion.

Effective management of cold damage in banana cultivation involves a combination of preventive, corrective, and research-based strategies. Farmers should adopt a holistic approach considering site selection, cultural practices, and technological advances to protect the banana crop from the harmful effects of cold stress. By implementing these measures, growers can ensure the sustainability and resilience of banana cultivation in areas with cold temperatures.

These top 5 varieties of Fenugreek, Pusa kasoori, R.M.T 305, Rajendra Kranti, A.F.G 2 and Hisaar Sonali give productivity upto 6 quintals per acre in less duration to farmers. The price of these varieties is also very high in the market. Fenugreek is a leafy crop and almost all the farmers of India are earning heavy profit by producing this crop in their fields. Actually, Fenugreek is very beneficial for our body. Because it contains dissolved protein and many micro vitamins. That's why their demand in the market is very high. In this scenario, if you cultivate these top varieties of Fenugreek, then you also can get awesome produce in very less time. These top 5 varieties of Fenugreek Pusa kasoori, R.M.T 305, Rajendra Kranti, A.F.G 2 and Hisaar Sonali are capable of producing 6 quintals per acre. 

Top 5 varieties of Fenugreek are listed below 

The Rajendra Kranti variety of fenugreek 

Farmers can earn a produce of almost 5 quintals from Rajendra Kranti variety of Fenugreek. This variety of fenugreek ripes in  around 120 days.

The Modi government of the Center is running various schemes for the upliftment of farmers. Explain that one of them is the PM Kisan Maan Dhan Yojana. Under this scheme, the government provides pension to small and marginal farmers of India for better living in old age. The scheme was started by the Central Government in May 2019. Under this scheme, the government provides financial assistance to small and marginal farmers by giving a pension of Rs 3 thousand per month on completion of 60 years of age. This scheme is also known as Kisan Pension Scheme. In such a situation, if you also want to apply for this scheme, then you should be between 18 and 40 years old.

How much premium will have to be paid per month

To take advantage of this scheme, you must have arable land up to about 2 hectares. If the beneficiary dies under the scheme, the pension amount is transferred to his wife's account, which is about 1500 per month. The beneficiaries applying under the Kisan Maandhan Yojana also have to pay a premium per month, which is different according to the age group. If you are 18 years old, then you will have to pay a premium of Rs 55 per month. Similarly, those of 40 years of age will have to pay a premium of Rs 200 per month. Only after 60 years of age paying premium, this scheme can be benefited.

Necessary documents to avail the scheme

If you also want to get the benefit of PM Kisan Manadhan Yojana, then you must have some necessary documents. According to the plan, the beneficiary should have a bank account, which is connected to the Aadhaar card. Apart from this, you are also required to have documents like passport size photo, identity card, age certificate, farm measles Khatauni. Under this scheme, the amount received in old age will be directly transferred to the beneficiary's bank account. The main objective of the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Mahandhan Yojana 2023 is to make the farmers of India self -reliant in old age and strengthen the landless farmers.

Procedure to apply for honorary scheme

To apply for the scheme, first go to the official website maandhan.in. After this, go to the homepage and login. Then the applicant will have to fill his phone number to login the candidate. Tell that a new page will open as soon as you do this, where you have to enter your information. After this, click on Generate OTP. Fill the OTP on the registered mobile number in the empty box and submit the application form. Your form will be submitted as soon as you do this.